Abstract— This paper discusses the experimental study on the reduction of energy utilization and thereby abiding an indirect control on the emission strategies for a CI engine. Three different methods for the control of emission were carried out and the results were compared. The first method was to improve the combustion by incorporating a copper perforated medium beneath the atomized fuel spray and thereby improve the combustion through vaporisation. The second method was to use coconut oil directly as an additive to diesel. The last method was to preheat the coconut oil blended diesel. The analysis showed that of all the coconut blends, namely, 10% to 50%, 20% blended ratio found a good place in both fuel efficiency and reduced emissions. Similarly, the preheated blends showed still drastic reductions in emissions even for higher proportions of coconut oil.

Abstract— Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) makes it exposed to a variety of network attacks. MANET due to its wireless transmission nature contains more security issues as compared to wired networks .These security issues are very important to deal with so as to make network secure. Wormhole attack also called as tunnelling attack is very difficult to detect. wormhole generally possess two properties In this paper we have studied the wormhole attack along with its properties and various method have been discussed for identification , removal, and prevention of wormhole attack and then they have been compared to one another so that effective methods should come forward .This study aims to combine some methods or to modify the one.

Abstract— A Petrochemical complex is responsible for producing various petrochemicals. It is made up of various fragments that work in synchronisation with each other. This paper focuses on treatment of ethane-propane in a petrochemical complex after recovery from natural gas.Some of the important fragments are the Gas Sweetening Unit (GSU), the (C2\C3) Recovery Unit, and the Gas Cracker Unit (GCU). The GSU uses a solvent for removing acid gases like CO2 in the natural gas by chemical absorption. First counter current absorption of the gas with a solvent like DEA takes place and then its further treatment in the regenerator column to strip off the CO2. The ‘sweetened’ gas from the GSU forms the feedstock to the C2\C3 Recovery Unit where cryogenic conditions prevail and if the CO2 component of the gas is not removed, it will freeze at such low temperatures. The ethane-propane is cracked in the GCU.

Abstract— Software Reuse increases the productivity and reduces the cost and improves the Quality of the software development. Reusability is one of the most important Quality Characteristic. Therefore it is necessary to measure the reusability of the module in order to realize the reuse of module effectively. By reuse the module of existing software has increased in past recent year which impact more on the software quality. Many measuring Reusability methods have been proposed for estimating the reusability of module.

Abstract— The following paper describes the effective –method proposals for the reduction of the lift induced drag for supersonic conditions i.e. supersonic flights. The paper summarizes the effective techniques for increasing the lift-to-drag ratio and hence increases the reliability of flights and thereby reduces the lift induced drag. A group of experimental studies were conducted to investigate the effects of different wing tip devices and systems on the reduction of induced drag. This paper describes the potential of Elliptical Winglets for the reduction of induced drag without increasing the span of the aircraft. The other process shown over here is the modification of the expression of Lift-to-drag ratio in terms of Mach number.